Is Gynecomastia Surgery Safe? Risks & Complications Explained

The most common risks associated with gynecomastia surgery are minor and treatable, including hematoma (a collection of blood), seroma (fluid accumulation), and temporary changes in nipple sensation.

While serious complications are rare, the procedure carries inherent risks like any surgery. Common localised issues include hematoma, seroma, infection, and contour irregularities. A hematoma is a collection of blood under the skin that may require drainage, while a seroma is a fluid buildup that can often be managed with aspiration or compression. Aesthetic risks include asymmetry between the two sides or a “saucer deformity” if too much tissue is removed from behind the nipple.

Systemic risks, such as reactions to anaesthesia or thromboembolism, are extremely uncommon in healthy patients but must be screened for. To mitigate aesthetic risks like irregularities or skin redundancy, we often employ advanced techniques; for example, concentric skin reduction can be used in higher-grade cases to manage excess skin without leaving large scars.

As your surgeon, I prioritise minimising these risks through precise technique and patient selection. We know that complications like hematoma are often related to the extent of dissection and the patient’s blood pressure control; by using external quilting sutures to obliterate dead space, we can significantly reduce the expansion of any potential hematoma. My goal is to ensure you achieve a masculine chest without trading one aesthetic problem for another.

If you are concerned about specific risks based on your medical history, please schedule a consultation so we can discuss a personalised safety plan.

Bleeding (hematoma) is the most frequent early complication, occurring in roughly 2-6% of cases, while infection is extremely rare when proper sterile techniques and antibiotics are used.

Hematoma formation is generally the most common immediate complication, reported in varying rates depending on the technique and patient population. For example, studies have shown a postoperative hematoma rate of approximately 5.8% in open excision cases, though this drops significantly with less invasive techniques. Infections are very uncommon; in a large analysis of pediatric and adult cases, surgical site infection rates were found to be as low as 0.5% to 1.3%.

To further reduce the risk of bleeding, we advise avoiding blood thinners and supplements before surgery. In specific high-risk populations, such as bodybuilders using anabolic steroids, the risk of hematoma requiring evacuation may be slightly higher due to increased vascularity, necessitating meticulous hemostasis during the procedure. Using compression garments post-surgery also helps control swelling and prevent fluid collection.

In my practice in Jaipur, we adhere to strict sterile protocols to keep infection rates near zero. We also focus on the gentle handling of tissues to prevent bleeding. Understanding your specific risk profile allows us to take extra precautions, ensuring your recovery is smooth and uneventful.

If you have a history of bleeding disorders or are taking medications that affect blood clotting, please disclose this during your consultation so we can prepare accordingly.

Temporary numbness or changes in sensation are common but usually resolve over time; however, permanent sensory loss or significant contour deformities like a “saucer” depression are rare with experienced surgeons.

Changes in nipple sensation, such as prolonged hypesthesia (numbness), can occur in up to 25% of cases but typically recover spontaneously within a few months. Permanent loss is uncommon and is often related to the extent of the surgery. Regarding contour, over-resection of the glandular tissue directly behind the nipple can lead to a saucer deformity or depression. Conversely, under-resection can leave residual fullness.

To prevent contour irregularities and preserve sensation, we often leave a small disc of tissue (roughly 5-10mm) beneath the nipple-areola complex to maintain blood supply and support. Advanced techniques, such as the pull-through technique used in conjunction with ultrasonic liposuction, allow us to precisely remove fibrous tissue while minimising trauma to the surrounding sensory nerves.

I believe that preserving the natural feel and look of the chest is just as important as reducing its size. By carefully sculpting the chest rather than just removing tissue, we aim to maintain sensation and create a smooth, masculine profile that looks natural even when you are shirtless.

To discuss the specific techniques we use to protect nipple sensation and ensure a smooth contour, book an appointment for an assessment.

You should contact us immediately if you experience excessive swelling on one side (indicating a hematoma), shortness of breath, chest pain, or signs of infection such as fever and pus-like drainage.

While recovery is usually straightforward, vigilance is key. A rapidly expanding swelling, particularly on just one side, is a classic sign of a hematoma that may require drainage. In rare cases, partial nipple necrosis can occur if the blood supply is compromised, appearing as dark or dusky skin on the nipple.

You must also watch for systemic signs. Although extremely rare, symptoms like shortness of breath or chest pain could indicate a thromboembolic event. Additionally, persistent redness, warmth, or fluid drainage from the incision sites could indicate a breast abscess or infection, which needs immediate antibiotic treatment.

Your safety extends beyond the operating room. We provide 24/7 support for our patients because catching a complication early—like a small hematoma or early infection—makes it easily manageable. Never hesitate to call; it is always better to be safe.

If you notice any unusual symptoms after your surgery, do not wait for your scheduled follow-up; contact our clinic immediately for guidance.

Yes, strictly following pre-operative guidelines like quitting smoking and avoiding blood thinners, along with wearing post-operative compression garments, significantly minimises complication risks.

Preparation is your best defence against complications. You must cease smoking and nicotine use for at least 6 weeks before and after surgery to prevent wound healing problems and infection. Additionally, avoiding aspirin and anti-inflammatory drugs reduces the risk of bleeding. During the procedure, the use of external quilting sutures can help obliterate dead space and minimise hematoma formation.

Post-operatively, adherence to care instructions is vital. We often forego closed-suction drains in standard cases to reduce discomfort and scarring, relying instead on compression garments to manage swelling and prevent fluid buildup. Wearing your compression garment as directed ensures the skin retracts smoothly and fluid does not accumulate.

I view surgery as a partnership. My team and I provide the technical expertise and a sterile environment, but your commitment to the pre- and post-operative guidelines is what ultimately secures a complication-free recovery and a perfect result.

To get a full checklist of how to prepare for your surgery and ensure the safest possible experience, please visit us for a consultation.